Sampling for Plant Disease Incidence

Sampling for Effective Ex Situ Plant Conservation

An incidence density sampling program for nested case-control analyses.

BACKGROUND The nested case-control design can be a very efficient approach to an epidemiological investigation. In order to obtain unbiased estimates of relative risk, controls should be selected by incidence density sampling, which involves matching each case to a sample of those who are at risk at the time of case occurrence. METHODS This paper presents a simple computer program for inciden...

Sampling BSSRDFs with non-perpendicular incidence

Sub-surface scattering is key to our perception of translucent materials. Models based on diffusion theory are used to render such materials in a realistic manner by evaluating an approximation of the material BSSRDF at any two points of the surface. Under the assumption of perpendicular incidence, this BSSRDF approximation can be tabulated over 2 dimensions to provide fast evaluation and impor...

Observer Based Nonuniform Sampling Predictive Controller for a Solar Plant

The work presented in this paper exploits the transport characteristic of a solar plant where the transport velocity (a flow) is the manipulated variable, i.e. the control input. The solar field is modelled by a partial differential equation. A non-uniform sampling in time is performed in order to obtain a discrete linear model. Due to the transport dynamics of the plant the resulting transfer ...

Sampling strategy for detecting viruses in a sewage treatment plant.

A study of pollutant flows was carried out at a wastewater treatment plant in Nancy, France, which used activated-sludge treatment. To carry out observation of hourly flow variation, a sampling strategy needs to be defined. A comparison between two methods of sampling was conducted: dip samples every 2 h over a period of 24 h and one 24-h composite sample were taken from raw and treated wastewa...